Object-Oriented Programming in C#

Microsoft .NET is an advance in programming technology that greatly simplifies application development, both for traditional, proprietary applications and for the emerging paradigm of Web-based services. .NET 6 is a unified platform, for browser, cloud, desktop, IoT, and mobile apps. It is based on .NET Core, the package-based implementation that is cross-platform, running on Mac and Linux besides Windows. It completes the unification of the .NET platform begun with .NET 5. 

Part of this technology is the new language from Microsoft, C#. This language combines the power of C++ and the ease of development of Visual Basic 6. It bears a striking resemblance to Java and improves on that language. C# has become the dominant language for building new applications on Microsoft platforms. 

This thorough and comprehensive course is a practical introduction to programming in C#, utilizing the services provided by .NET. This course emphasizes the C# language. It is current to Visual Studio 2022, .NET 6 and C# 10. Important newer features such as dynamic data types, named and optional arguments, tuples, asynchronous programming keywords, nullable reference types, record types, and top-level statements are covered. Supplements provide a tutorial on Visual Studio 2022, an overview of LINQ, and coverage of unsafe code and pointers in C#. 

This course is intended to be fully accessible to programmers who do not already have a strong background in object-oriented programming in C-like languages, such as C++ or Java. It is ideal, for example, for procedural programmers who desire to learn C#. 

An important thrust of the course is to teach C# programming from an object-oriented perspective. It is often difficult for programmers trained originally in a procedural language to start “thinking in objects.” This course introduces object-oriented concepts early, and C# is developed in a way that leverages its object orientation. A case study is used to illustrate creating a complete system using C# and .NET. Besides supporting traditional object-oriented features, such as classes, inheritance, and polymorphism, C# introduces several additional features, such as properties, indexers, delegates, events, and interfaces that make C# a compelling language for developing object-oriented and component-based systems. This course provides thorough coverage of all these features. 

C# as a language is elegant and powerful. But to utilize its capabilities fully, you need to have a good understanding of how it works with the .NET Framework. The course explores several important interactions between C# and the .NET Framework, and it includes an introduction to major classes for collections, delegates, and events. It includes a succinct introduction to creating GUI programs using Windows Forms. The course concludes with a chapter covering the newer features in the language. 

Numerous programming examples and exercises are provided, including the case study. The student will receive a comprehensive set of materials, including course notes and all the programming examples. 

Benefits 

• Acquire a working knowledge of C# programming.

• Learn how to implement programs using C# and classes from the .NET Framework.

• Gain an understanding of the object-oriented programming paradigm. 

• Learn how to implement simple GUI programs using Windows Forms. 

• Gain a working knowledge of important newer features in C#.

Course Outline

Introduction to .NET 

• What is .NET? 

• .NET Framework, .NET Core and .NET 6 

• Application Models 

• Managed Code 

• Visual Studio 2022 

• Console Programs and New Console Template 

• GUI Programs 

First C# Programs 

• Hello, World 

• Namespaces 

• Variables and Expressions 

• Using C# as a Calculator 

• Input/Output in C# 

• .NET Class Library 

Data Types in C# 

• Data Types 

• Integer Types 

• Floating Point Types 

• Decimal Type 

• Characters and Strings 

• Boolean Type 

• Conversions 

• Nullable Types 

Operators and Expressions 

• Operator Cardinality 

• Arithmetic Operators 

• Relational Operators 

• Logical Operators 

• Bitwise Operators 

• Assignment Operators 

• Expressions 

• Checked and Unchecked 

Control Structures 

• If Tests 

• Loops 

• Arrays 

• Foreach 

• More about Control Flow 

• Switch 

Object-Oriented Programming 

• Objects 

• Classes 

• Inheritance 

• Polymorphism 

• Object-Oriented Languages 

• Components 

Classes 

• Classes as Structured Data 

• Methods 

• Constructors and Initialization 

• Static Fields and Methods 

• Constant and Readonly 

More about Types 

• Overview of Types in C# 

• Value Types 

• Boxing and Unboxing 

• Reference Types 

• Implicitly Typed Variables 

Methods, Properties and Operators 

• Methods 

• Parameter Passing 

• Method Overloading 

• Variable-Length Parameter Lists 

• Properties 

• Auto-Implemented Properties 

• Operator Overloading 

Characters and Strings 

• Characters 

• Strings 

• String Input 

• String Methods 

• StringBuilder Class 

• Programming with Strings 

Arrays and Indexers 

• Arrays 

• System.Array 

• Random Number Generation 

• Jagged Arrays 

• Rectangular Arrays 

• Arrays as Collections 

• Bank Case Study—Step 1 

• Indexers 

Inheritance 

• Single Inheritance 

• Access Control 

• Method Hiding 

• Initialization 

• Bank Case Study—Step 2 

Virtual Methods and Polymorphism 

• Virtual Methods and Dynamic Binding 

• Method Overriding 

• Fragile Base Class Problem 

• Polymorphism 

• Abstract Classes 

• Sealed Classes 

• Heterogeneous Collections 

• Bank Case Study—Step 3 

Formatting and Conversion 

• ToString 

• Format Strings 

• String Formatting Methods 

• Bank Case Study—Step 4 

• Type Conversions 

Exceptions  

• Exception Fundamentals 

• Structured Exception Handling 

• User-Defined Exception Classes 

• Inner Exceptions 

• Bank Case Study—Step 5 

Interfaces 

• Interface Fundamentals 

• Programming with Interfaces 

• Using Interfaces at Runtime 

• Bank Case Study—Step 6 

• Resolving Ambiguities 

.NET Interfaces and Collections 

• Collections 

• Bank Case Study—Step 7 

• IEnumerable and IEnumerator 

• Copy Semantics and ICloneable 

• Comparing Objects 

• Generic Types 

• Type-Safe Collections 

• Object Initializers 

• Collection Initializers 

• Anonymous Types 

• Bank Case Study—Step 8 

Delegates and Events  

• Delegates 

• Anonymous Methods 

• Lambda Expressions 

• Events 

Introduction to Windows Forms 

• Creating Windows Applications Using Visual Studio 2019 

• Partial Classes 

• Buttons, Labels and Textboxes 

• Handling Events 

• Listbox Controls 

Newer Features in C# 

• Dynamic Data Type 

• Named and Optional Arguments 

• Variance in Generic Interfaces 

• Asynchronous Programming Keywords 

• New Features in C# 6 and C# 7 

• Nullable Reference Types 

• Record Types 

• Top-level Statements